--- title: "Club Automation Reviews, Pros and Cons - 2026 Software Advice" description: "Reviews of Club Automation. Learn how real users rate this software's ease-of-use, functionality, overall quality and customer support. Talk to our advisors to see if Club Automation is a good fit for you!" source_url: "https://www.softwareadvice.com/club-management/club-automation-profile/reviews/" page_type: "reviews" language: "en" --- 1 million+ businesses helped. Get advice Get Free Advice [Home](https://www.softwareadvice.com/) / [Club Management Software](https://www.softwareadvice.com/club-management/) / [Club Automation](https://www.softwareadvice.com/club-management/club-automation-profile/) / Club Automation Reviews Software Advice offers objective insights based on verified user reviews and independent product and market research. When our advisors match you to a software provider, we may earn a referral fee. [Overview](https://www.softwareadvice.com/club-management/club-automation-profile/) Reviews [Alternatives](https://www.softwareadvice.com/club-management/club-automation-profile/alternatives/) # Club Automation User Reviews ## Reviews summary - Overall rating: 4.1/5 - Total reviews: 77 ### Secondary ratings - Ease of use: 4.2/5 - Customer support: 4.0/5 - Value for money: 3.9/5 - Functionality: 4/5 ### Rating distribution - 5 stars: 37 reviews (48%) - 4 stars: 27 reviews (35%) - 3 stars: 3 reviews (4%) - 2 stars: 0 reviews (0%) - 1 star: 10 reviews (13%) ### Most mentioned pros - It's tailored well to your club and its unique needs, while also allowing your team the ability to continue customizing it as time goes on. - This quick process helps us to support the client immediately & this way we can resolve an issue in real time opposed to waiting a week. - Appreciate the fast response when our company has a question or needs further assistance with a specific account. ### Most mentioned cons - I work in a cafe, and our usage of CA can be cumbersome when ringing up customer, i.e., to many buttons to press, from having to login pin number for every transaction, to having to answer a prompt every time that a credit card is used ingenico cardpointe that the transaction is not a debit, even if it is. - Billing is rigid and error-prone, reporting is unreliable and difficult to extract useful data from, and access control issues create unnecessary risk and member frustration. - The interface is clunky and unintuitive, simple tasks take far too many steps, and even minor changes often require submitting support tickets instead of being self-managed. ## Club Automation customer reviews Showing reviews 1-25 of 77 (page 1). ### Good product - Overall rating: 4/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: 11-50 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · daily - Reviewed: April 2026 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by us to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. It’s was easy for the staff and the guests to used it from the very beginning. That was helpful and critical. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 4/5 - Value for money: 3/5 - Customer support: 4/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros The best part of Club Automation is how simple it is to initially operate. It’s helped our operation. #### Cons I find the sizing of the screen on an iPhone to be difficult and frustrating. Once you’ve zoomed in it’s hard to go back. --- ### Great Tennis Program - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · daily - Reviewed: April 2026 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by us to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. I have been using CA for at least 13 years and it is so easy to use one click and you can book a courts along with easy ways to book quick events, block time, leagues etc #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros it's easy and simple one of the best programs available for Tennis. Reports are great, POS is extremely simple #### Cons I have not found any cons to this program I highly recommend this program for any tennis facility. 100% --- ### Comprehensive Features & Great Customer Support! - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: 11-50 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · daily - Reviewed: March 2026 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by the software vendor to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. Overall I am very pleased with Club Automation. The system allows me to make changes or edits to my schedule from anywhere. It is visually easy to use. Encompasses all of the data we need in the appropriate fields. I like the ability to generate reports for member data, payments, and utilize check in history. Member support has always been able to solve any issue or mistake I've needed their assistance on fixing. Would highly recommend their services to others. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros This product easy to use and encompasses most of our business needs. The support team is professional and responsive. I love that I can view my personal and team's schedule all in one location. #### Cons Having to choose "confirm" from the prompt when making appointments takes additional time. I was also interested in the Club Automation 2.0 version, but our site was not chosen to roll out the new platform yet. Hopefully soon! --- ### My feedback on CA - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Events Services - Company size: 501-1000 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · daily - Reviewed: March 2026 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by the software vendor to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. ive been using this software with my company since 2020 pretty much and couldnt imagine using anything else, new feature and support are greater! #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros payment processing is very detailed and reports are always correct, love the member information on the checkin screen makes it very easy to manage #### Cons adding services and clicking through the back screens, also automateed emails could be easier to use and setup --- ### TOTAL FAIL - Overall rating: 1/5 - Reviewer: Drew H. - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: Self-Employed - Product usage: 3-5 years · daily - Reviewed: February 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered This platform has been a major operational burden. Club Automation actively slows down business, creates avoidable problems, and consumes time that should be spent running and growing a gym. It is completely unsuited for modern, automated, or staffless facilities and feels stuck in an outdated corporate mindset. I would strongly caution any gym owner against using this system. There are far better, more flexible, and more user-friendly solutions available, and choosing Club Automation was a mistake I would not repeat. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 1/5 - Value for money: 1/5 - Customer support: 1/5 - Functionality: 1/5 #### Pros There are essentially no meaningful positives. While the system can technically process payments and control access, those are baseline requirements that nearly every modern platform handles more efficiently. Any functionality it offers is negated by how difficult, slow, and frustrating it is to use in real-world operations. #### Cons Club Automation is one of the most inefficient, outdated, and frustrating business systems I have ever used. The interface is clunky and unintuitive, simple tasks take far too many steps, and even minor changes often require submitting support tickets instead of being self-managed. Billing is rigid and error-prone, reporting is unreliable and difficult to extract useful data from, and access control issues create unnecessary risk and member frustration. Support is slow, inconsistent, and frequently unhelpful, especially when problems are time-sensitive. Costs are high, add-ons are constant, and the system feels designed to lock you in rather than help you operate efficiently. --- ### Great Software, Better People - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · daily - Reviewed: December 2025 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by the software vendor to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. Club Automation has been a game changer for our teams in so many ways. There are many stand out qualities, but above all else their team and quality of service is exceptional. From the moment you express interest, to ongoing day-to-day support and updates, you will be prioritized and cared for. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros All supporting staff were fantastic, from the initial sales team to the implementation team and ongoing support staff! The software itself strikes a good balance of being both user friendly, and powerful enough to dive into the details. It's tailored well to your club and its unique needs, while also allowing your team the ability to continue customizing it as time goes on. #### Cons There can be small quirks here and there. Bugs pop up on occasion, and sometimes the user-friendly design can feel as though it limits your ability to have granular control of everything. However, bug fixes roll out regularly, and anything that might drastically effect you is handled quickly by the service team. As with any software, many times the limiting factor is your proficiency, not the software itself. More often than not, our ability to take a specific action is limited by our understanding of the software, not its actual capabilities. --- ### Auto-redeeming sessions based on check-in / More options for deletions of packages - Overall rating: 4/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: 11-50 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · daily - Reviewed: December 2025 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by the software vendor to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. Overall, I like using the software and working with customer service. Appreciate the fast response when our company has a question or needs further assistance with a specific account. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 4/5 - Value for money: 3/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 3/5 #### Pros Customization of the POS System, Digital Contracts, Linking of accounts, Fast Customer Service Response #### Cons Auto-redeeming sessions based on check-in are not offered. Happy to hear the company is looking into it. Wish there were another option to remove a package without deleting and giving credit only. For example, let's say a wrong package was selected but wasn't paid for due to an error by the front desk employee. If no payment was taken, and when the package is deleted, it auto puts a credit on the account the package is worth. Wish there were another way to delete the error transaction altogether without automatically giving an internal credit. --- ### Childcare assistant - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Hospital & Health Care - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · weekly - Reviewed: December 2025 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by the software vendor to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. My overall experience with club automation has been grate for both me and my coworkers. We enjoy logging on and getting done what we need to everyday since it is easy to use. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros I enjoy how simple it is to navigate in between tabs. This allows for organization in the workplace and with members. #### Cons The thing I like least would be the font size. I have to zoom in on my computer every time I open it up. If this is the only problem through, Ill take it! --- ### Love Club Automations User Friendliness - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: 10000+ employees - Product usage: less than 1 year · daily - Reviewed: September 2025 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by the software vendor to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. My overall experience is positive. I would say that the value for the money of this platform is worth the cost. Our facility wouldn't operate with as smoothly without having this to streamline our process. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros I like the ease of having everything that we need in one convenient location. We can book a tennis court in one moment & then register someone for a cooking class. Also, the ability to check eligibility status of a member is quick. This quick process helps us to support the client immediately & this way we can resolve an issue in real time opposed to waiting a week. The payment process is also simple to navigate, as well as sending emails to the member. The leaning curve is short & you can also customize the different department screens to fit your needs. #### Cons This is minor, but when booking court reservations the system reverts back to our 5am reservations after clicking on a current reservation. In a nut shell, it would be nice if the screen would stay at the hour that we're currently checking, instead of resetting back to the start of the day. --- ### Club Automation the best in the business for tennis bookings - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · daily - Reviewed: August 2025 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by the software vendor to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. Always a positive experience when booking clients when I'm on the move through mobile. I can book a client in under 30 seconds and when I'm really busy it's so important. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros The easiness of booking clients through mobile when I'm consistently on the move is essential. I can book a client in under 30 seconds and when I'm really busy it's so important. #### Cons Club Automation is a superior product in the health and fitness industry and is the gold standard. I love everything about Club Automation. --- ### Club Automation is superb - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Higher Education - Company size: 10000+ employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · daily - Reviewed: August 2025 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by the software vendor to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. I have had a great experience using the club automation. In general, it is easy to navigate through this program. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros I love the Club automation because its easy navigation is the most prominent positive characteristic. #### Cons The negative side of the Club automation is that it is not easy to check the past and track records. --- ### User friendly for Massage Appointments - Overall rating: 4/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: 5001-10000 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · weekly - Reviewed: June 2025 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by the software vendor to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. Overall, it's been pretty good. SOme bumps in the road but it is very user friendly. I can cancel or schedule patients with ease. I would just like to see an area for notes and by that, I mean writing documents about the visit. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros I use this for scheduling massage patients. It's very easy to schedule or cancel or block out times. #### Cons It doesn't send the user a message if an appointment is cancelled so that we can fill it with wait-list patients. --- ### Awesome Club Auto - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: 501-1000 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · daily - Reviewed: May 2025 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by the software vendor to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. no issues, wise it did more reports, dashboard style. i use it daily for reports, transactions, scheduling, booking and managing the pool and reservations - usage. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 2/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros Schedules, updates on the system - looks great, user friendly, wish it allowed for more usage with reports financially that link to our dashboards. #### Cons Updates without notice, and restarting or resetting without knowing which email, may be user error. --- ### Still looking for improvements - Overall rating: 4/5 - Reviewer: Becky E. - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: 201-500 employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · daily - Reviewed: April 2025 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by the software vendor to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. There are better features added in the last 6 months, but it's still not as seamless as it could be for our company #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 4/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros I like how it looks. It's aesthetically pleasing. I also like how we can now click and drag to make appointments. #### Cons I don't like that we can only schedule clients on the :15. Due to my class schedules, I often start clients at times like 1:10 or 2:05. But there's no way to enter that. --- ### Best product and team there is - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Sports - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · weekly - Reviewed: May 2025 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by the software vendor to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. I've been using it off and on since it's inception at College Park. But even with my experience, when I started using it again recently, I had to re-familiarize myself with the operation. Somewhat of a frustrating process at first, but well worth it. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros It can do everything: fully integrated...and once user is acclimated, makes job easier. The support team is great. #### Cons It takes some time to figure out, but you guys are always there for help. And cost: I have wanted to use CA at different facilities I've worked for and it's usually decided that it's too expensive. However, I personally think worth it. --- ### Thankful for Club Automation - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Recreational Facilities and Services - Company size: 11-50 employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · daily - Reviewed: December 2021 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by us to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros Truly an all in one club management system that is easy for members and staff to use. I love that it automatically bills and withdraws payments and the booking feature for members is very helpful. #### Cons I wish there was online camp registration where we can choose what information we want to collect, what questions to ask and have parents complete it online while registration for a program (special needs, medications, allergies, ect) --- ### Andy's CA opinion 2025 - Overall rating: 4/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Recreational Facilities and Services - Company size: 11-50 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · daily - Reviewed: February 2025 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by the software vendor to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. Pretty Good. Finding a person due to name spelling can be difficult #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 4/5 - Value for money: 4/5 - Customer support: 2/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros The ability to see what everyone is doing #### Cons Changing passwords from time to time. Name spellings can be difficult so it is hard to find people sometimes. --- ### Awesomeness - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Sports - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: less than 1 year · weekly - Reviewed: April 2025 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by the software vendor to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 4/5 - Value for money: 4/5 - Customer support: 4/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros Every thing! Easy to use, I like how you can set tabs. #### Cons Slight learning curve upon first use but manageable --- ### into the twentieth century - Overall rating: 4/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: 1001-5000 employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · weekly - Reviewed: January 2025 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by the software vendor to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. finally get in the routine and its great #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 3/5 - Value for money: 3/5 - Customer support: 3/5 - Functionality: 3/5 #### Pros passwords are not too long, easy access, easy to get around #### Cons learning to do it . just old training having to be changed #### Vendor response Hi Loveda - thanks for taking the time to provide feedback on your experience with Club Automation. We're glad to hear once you've learned the software its easy to use. Replied February 2025 --- ### Accounting/Business Owner - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Sports - Company size: 11-50 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · daily - Reviewed: July 2024 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by us to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. I really love the CA system. We started with Club Automation in 2013. I am constantly learning what this system can do. It makes my life so much easier. I can access from work, my phone or at home. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 4/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros I love how easy it is to set up programs in the court sheets for our junior and members. It is so easy to make changes if needed. I work on the court sheets about 80% of my day and it makes my life so easy. #### Cons 1)Would love if our members could go on-line and schedule their own make up classes. 2) Sometimes the blocking of courts does not work. If you are making changes using the block feature it sometimes reverts back to an old-blocked court. #### Vendor response Hi Mary Beth - thank you so much for taking the time to provide this feedback. I'm glad to hear that we've been your chosen partner for over 10 years. I wanted to confirm I have passed back your feedback on member facing scheduling options to our product team. As for the issue with court block glitch, please send me an email at rachel.haney@daxko.com and I'll get you connected with the right person to dig into this with you. Replied October 2024 --- ### More Pros than Cons - Overall rating: 4/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: less than 1 year · daily - Reviewed: December 2021 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by us to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. Overall CA has been a good change at our business. We are still getting used to it here and we definitely have some suggestions on how to make it better, but we really loving the look of it and the user friendly aspect. I would recommend checking it out if you are looking to switch software's. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Customer support: 2/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros First of all, the look of it caught my eye and the fact that it is very user friendly! Our old system was outdated and was not very easy on the eyes. We also love that there is a CRM system built into the software that connects to the actual Club side. That makes it very appealing to us as a business. It is also great to be able to generate PDFs super easily! #### Cons This software could use some updates on a few things that we have had a hard time working through. CA would benefit from a texting feature for the CRM, better view of the schedule of each employee for the CRM, notifications when a new online form submission comes through for a new membership, way better ease of changing forms within the system (ex: Emailing Membership Link) , Being able to add a credit that does not just apply to dues, Better ease of sending mass emails to leads who have not yet joined for the CRM, Being able to easily separate and organize non-members / guests from current members. The CRM is not the best, so we would recommend ease of connecting an outside CRM system with CA. --- ### CA was purchased by Daxko and many unresolved problems after the transition. - Overall rating: 3/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Sports - Company size: 2-10 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · daily - Reviewed: January 2022 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 3/5 - Value for money: 3/5 - Customer support: 2/5 - Functionality: 3/5 #### Pros We use online court reservations, resources management and POS. We have been a user since 2013 and have been very happy with the services up until late 2021. #### Cons I did not like that our permissions have been changed substantially under the new [SENSITIVE CONTENT] and working on the third trouble ticket to hopefully get resolved. They keep closing the ticket saying resolved, but they must not test as the issues are still there. We cannot change a court reservation in the past. Building up a backlog of reservations adjustments and refunds that customers have been waiting for. Making us look sloppy to our customers. --- ### Club Automation - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · daily - Reviewed: August 2018 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by us to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros I love the ease of use and the capability that we have to go paper free. We are able to track everything in the system from camp registration, programs, membership, personal training, etc. I love the visibility that we have to track and stay on top of all scheduling for our trainers and massage therapy staff. #### Cons The only thing negative drawback about the software is that when you have multiple facilities on the software, you are only able to have one logo for all facilities and one address / name for all facilities, which makes it difficult for invoicing and contracts. --- ### Club Automation - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Verified reviewer: Yes - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: 201-500 employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · daily - Reviewed: August 2018 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by us to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. Club Automation has been a terrific partner with our facility. Their customer support is second to none, which is what led to our change from a previous software supplier, and their product is easy to use and member-friendly. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 4/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros The functionality and ability to retrieve any information that you need. #### Cons This is probably the result of working with another software system for years prior to switching to Club Automation, but some of their reports should be easier to extract. --- ### Monroe athletic club - Overall rating: 4/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · daily - Reviewed: December 2021 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by us to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 4/5 - Value for money: 3/5 - Customer support: 3/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros Functionality and abundance of features. #### Cons Reporting and customer service response time. ---