--- title: "Kitcast Reviews, Pros and Cons - 2026 Software Advice" description: "Reviews of Kitcast. Learn how real users rate this software's ease-of-use, functionality, overall quality and customer support. Talk to our advisors to see if Kitcast is a good fit for you!" source_url: "https://www.softwareadvice.com/digital-signage/kitcast-profile/reviews/" page_type: "reviews" language: "en" --- [Home](https://www.softwareadvice.com/) / [Digital Signage Software](https://www.softwareadvice.com/digital-signage/) / [Kitcast](https://www.softwareadvice.com/digital-signage/kitcast-profile/) / Kitcast Reviews Software Advice offers objective insights based on verified user reviews and independent product and market research. When our advisors match you to a software provider, we may earn a referral fee. [Overview](https://www.softwareadvice.com/digital-signage/kitcast-profile/) Reviews [Alternatives](https://www.softwareadvice.com/digital-signage/kitcast-profile/alternatives/) # Kitcast User Reviews ## Reviews summary - Overall rating: 4.6/5 - Total reviews: 54 ### Secondary ratings - Ease of use: 4.6/5 - Customer support: 4.6/5 - Value for money: 4.2/5 - Functionality: 4.1/5 ### Rating distribution - 5 stars: 37 reviews (69%) - 4 stars: 14 reviews (26%) - 3 stars: 2 reviews (4%) - 2 stars: 1 reviews (2%) - 1 star: 0 reviews (0%) ### Most mentioned pros - I love the ability to remotely publish content like YouTube videos, slideshows, static images to our restaurant. - I especially appreciate the templates and helpful tools they use to help you create your vision for a slide, picture, or presentation. - It is a reliable and user-friendly solution for managing digital signage without requiring a complicated setup or extensive technical knowledge. ### Most mentioned cons - It also has some technical issues from time to time (e.g.: the content would dissapear out of nowhere on some screens without explanation. - The setup was difficult at first, It was tough to get around bugs and issues - for example why our document was not screening properly - It comes back on on it's own. But it can still be a bit stressful when it randomly stops. ## Kitcast customer reviews Showing reviews 1-25 of 54 (page 1). ### Kitcast is Great! Very useful for broadcasting information in schools. - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Education Management - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · daily - Reviewed: September 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered Very positive! As I noted in pros, its easy to use and works immediately. I highly recommend using Kitcast if you need a software to broadcast information in a school. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros Its interface is simple and intuitive and it works immediately. I am able to upload photos or slide seamlessly and the organization within is very useful. #### Cons I have no real cons, it does exactly what I need it to. The only thing that can be frustrating is having many hands able to access Kitcast and folks not being coordinated in removing or posting things, but that has nothing to do with the platform and all to do with people. --- ### Perfect choice for signage using an Apple TV - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Kyle A. - Industry: Education Management - Company size: 11-50 employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · daily - Reviewed: September 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered I’ve had a great experience with Kitcast overall. The platform is straightforward to use, reliable, and makes it easy to manage and update digital displays from anywhere. It doesn’t take much technical expertise to get started, and the customer support has been helpful and responsive. Kitcast is a solid choice for anyone looking for an easy and reliable digital signage solution. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 4/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros The graphics look really nice and professional, with a good selection of prepackaged templates to choose from. It’s also a simple, easy-to-use solution that works seamlessly with Apple TV. The templates make it easy to create a polished look without having to spend a lot of time on setup or design. Love the fact that it works seamlessly with an Apple TV. #### Cons Sometimes YouTube live cams can show a blank screen on rare occasions. It can take some time to get accustomed to the platform, and certain features could be laid out in a more straightforward way. --- ### Would Recommend! - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Information Technology and Services - Company size: 2-10 employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · daily - Reviewed: September 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered Overall, this software has a pretty fast setup and is very easy to manage multiple signage screens on one platform. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 4/5 - Customer support: 4/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros Easy to navigate, Intuitive interface that makes uploading/swapping out posters very easy. The different widgets available are also useful. #### Cons Connection gets disconnected at times. It is likely an issue with our apple tv's. Thankfully, I receive an email everytime a screen loses connection. --- ### The Absolute Best Digital Signage Solution if You Run Apple TVs - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Higher Education - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · daily - Reviewed: September 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered We chose KitCast because we specifically wanted a solution built ground-up for the Apple ecosystem. Many competitors treat tvOS as an afterthought, but KitCast’s native app and seamless web management gave us the true turn-key experience we were looking for. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros Native Apple TV Integration: The tvOS app is lightweight, exceptionally stable, and takes full advantage of Apple TV’s processing power to render 4K videos and crisp motion graphics without lagging or buffering. Incredible Ease of Use: The cloud dashboard is intuitive enough that anyone on our team—regardless of technical background—can drag and drop new graphics, schedule video playlists, and publish updates in minutes. Bulletproof Reliability & Caching: A major win for us is local media caching. If our Wi-Fi flickers or drops, the Apple TV keeps playing our cached graphics and videos without throwing error screens or going black. Quick Onboarding: Setting up a new display takes under five minutes—you simply download the app on the Apple TV, enter a quick pairing code into the web console, and the screen is live. #### Cons Template Flexibility: While the built-in layout options and widgets are great for quick deployments, tweaking specific template zone dimensions can feel a bit rigid if you want highly custom layout ratios. We usually design our graphic/video assets externally to get the exact look we want. --- ### Kitcast at school - Overall rating: 4/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Primary/ Secondary Education - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: less than 1 year · daily - Reviewed: September 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 4/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros Easy of uploading new screens, especially google docs, picture and videos - and keeping the quality of the images #### Cons Countdown function is limited to 24 hours, it would be great to have it extended to a week to help build anticipation for events --- ### Great product - Overall rating: 4/5 - Reviewer: Cecilia D. - Industry: Education Management - Company size: 11-50 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · weekly - Reviewed: September 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered Overall it has been positive once I learnt how to use it. I think tutorials would be great to make it even better #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 4/5 - Customer support: 4/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros I like that Kitcast is relatively easy to use once you get to know what to do, I like screen management feature #### Cons The setup was difficult at first, It was tough to get around bugs and issues - for example why our document was not screening properly --- ### Good, but not the best interface - Overall rating: 3/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Retail - Company size: 201-500 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · weekly - Reviewed: September 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered It is definitely a good service with covers our needs but it can still be improved a lot on customer interface level, bug fixes and customer support. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 3/5 - Value for money: 3/5 - Customer support: 2/5 - Functionality: 3/5 #### Pros the ability to control multiple digital screens from our HQ offices. It is a good system to keep track of the information you push to your stores. #### Cons It has a fairly complicated user interface (with subgroups and smart groups). It would for example increase our experience if you could drag and drop content to different playlists and do the same with groups. It also has some technical issues from time to time (e.g.: the content would dissapear out of nowhere on some screens without explanation. Screens would go offline). We also dislike that we are paying 2x more than the current pricing plans on your website promote. And we have been waiting 2 weeks for a response regarding this matter. Customer support could definitely improve. The green 'report a problem' and 'chat' button often block important parts of the Kitcast interface. --- ### A very good alternative with hassle free, affordable hardware - Overall rating: 4/5 - Reviewer: Stephanos B. - Industry: Marketing and Advertising - Company size: 11-50 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · weekly - Reviewed: August 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered Good and quick support, technically still a bit unstable and you can't tell, if remote devices run the show or just the screensaver. Also a remote app-launcher would be useful. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 3/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 3/5 #### Pros It works with AppleTV. It's affordable. And it works with AppleTV. Did I mention #### Cons It doesn't run reliable enough in environments witht multiple Wifi, and sometimes the tvOS-Updates keep Kitcast from starting automatically. --- ### Kitcast makes digital signage effortless - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Michael S. - Industry: Computer Software - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · daily - Reviewed: August 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered The web dashboard is intuitive and beautifully designed. Scheduling content, splitting screens into zones, and managing multiple displays across locations is remarkably simple, even for non-technical team members. Our Office Support Team updates the content frequently and does so without any issues — changes push to screens instantly, and the platform has been rock-solid reliable. Support deserves a special mention: fast, friendly, and they actually solve things on the first reply. If you're looking for a digital signage solution that's powerful without being overengineered, Kitcast is the one. Highly recommended. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros We've been using Kitcast for our office screens and it's been a fantastic experience from day one. Setup took literally minutes — install the app on an Apple TV, pair the screen, and you're live. No proprietary hardware, no complicated configuration. #### Cons We can not point out any issues with Kitcast. We adopted to Kitcast two years ago and were able to use the app within under ten minutes. --- ### Great way to share information and updates - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Entertainment - Company size: 11-50 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · daily - Reviewed: August 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered Our members absolutely love it, the lifeguards easily update our daily slides. The new version makes having multiple playlists super easy. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 4/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros We use Kitcast at our sign in area as members check into use the pool. It is a great way to share information and update members on changes. The kids love to see their pictures on the TV and the silly images the lifeguards post. #### Cons My first summer there was a learning curve and I couldn't find online support in the form of video tutorials. --- ### Great Digital Signage solution in an Apple TV ecosystem - Overall rating: 4/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Education Management - Company size: 201-500 employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · daily - Reviewed: February 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered Overall experience is great, especially campuses / organisations with multiple Apple TVs. I've tested other competitors before — they do support tvOS but often come with many limitations. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 4/5 - Value for money: 4/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 3/5 #### Pros Using Kitcast has been great so far in our campus. The deep integration with Apple TV meant that we didn’t have to purchase proprietary hardware, and the setup was relatively quick and simple. The admin dashboard is also easy to understand, allowing our staff to manage content without a steep learning curve. I also appreciate the discounted rate for educational institutions — it's a budget saver. What stands out too is the Kitcast customer support team. They usually get back to me within a day, and they’re always open to feedback and suggestions. #### Cons Unlike some competitors, Kitcast does not have a flat licence fee for one educational site with unlimited signages, so costs can add up as we're billed per screen. Technical performance is mostly smooth, but the tvOS app can occasionally crash when overloaded with memory-intensive widgets. Finally, while the team is receptive to ideas, new feature implementation does take quite some time. It's great for simplicity, provided you don't require multiple advanced features. --- ### Relaying Critical Information in the State's Largest 911 Center - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Public Safety - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: less than 1 year · daily - Reviewed: June 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered We utilize Kitcast in a high-volume emergency communications center. We display critical information (hospital diverts), administrative (news and announcements), personnel (credentials, onboarding), operations (new policies), tips, educations (reviews and future learning) as well as geographic (known construction and road closures for emergency vehicles). #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 4/5 - Value for money: 4/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 3/5 #### Pros SETUP: Relatively easy to establish in a live environment; seems cost effective (but I'm using a minimal number of screens). UPDATE: Can quickly push new content, set to expire, upload and pause (prior to wanting implemented). I can do this from anywhere, sometimes updating from home in a pinch. ORGANIZATION: Some management ability (folder hierarchy), sort and filter to find content (50+ slides). SUPPORT: Few times I needed support they are kind and quick to act. being descriptive and sharing as much information helps them help me. #### Cons BUILT-IN: Pre-established slides ('app' technology) or AI-assisted apps do not fit our needs. We have the ability to internally create lively, professional content that is dynamic and consistent with what we want to display. SUGGESTION: Would like to see the ability to track slides ('apps') by when they were active, disabled, re-activated and such. Some images we periodically display as needed and would like to measure when it was last used. SUGGESTION: Would like the ability to establish slides ('apps') based on a start date. The ability is there to expire, but not to initiate. Would be nice to upload for the future, set, and forget it. --- ### Good for Entry Level - Overall rating: 2/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Health, Wellness and Fitness - Company size: 2-10 employees - Product usage: less than 1 year · a few times a year - Reviewed: November 2018 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by us to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. Too rigid and limited to be useful. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 4/5 - Value for money: 4/5 - Customer support: 4/5 - Functionality: 2/5 #### Pros Inexpensive. Easy to use. I liked that I got it up and running in the first 30 minutes. #### Cons Lacks some basic features (even within existing options). Weather was ALWAYS wrong. I didn't like the graphic design on the pre-made and it's impossible to edit basic color & layout changes. I could make my own template for the static slides but there's no way to upload animated slides. For example, I didn't like your clock, but there was no way to edit it so it's a feature that I never used. Also, the social media integrations lacked some basic functionality and they never worked. Yelp always showed the same two reviews, and there was no way to change or fix that. The Instagram integration was the best but that also lacked some basic settings so we could prioritize or block certain pics or types of pics. Plus, there's no Facebook integration at all. --- ### Reliable, Easy to Use, and Perfect for Our Office - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Annalisa G. - Industry: Law Practice - Company size: 2-10 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · daily - Reviewed: July 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered We've switched to Kitcast a few years ago, and it has been one of the best decisions for our law firm. It's simple, dependable, and does exactly what we need it to do. We highly recommend it to any business looking for an easy way to manage digital signage. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros We've been using Kitcast for a few years now, and it's been a fantastic addition to our law firm. It's incredibly easy to manage, reliable, and keeps our office displays updated without any hassle. The interface is user-friendly, and it has made internal communication much more organized. #### Cons Honestly, we haven't experienced any major issues. The platform has been very dependable, and any updates have only improved the experience. --- ### PCR-First few months - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Education Management - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: less than 1 year · daily - Reviewed: February 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered So far Great! we are looking forward to trying other features such as live broadcast and such. The user interface is easy to use and understand. The support is quick to responds. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros Ease of Use / Setup / Value for Money - these were key to our choice. We needed a products that our staff could easily be opened and understood. #### Cons We are still exploring, the main thing we are working on figuring out is scheduling slides correctly --- ### The best digital signage for Apple TV - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Religious Institutions - Company size: 2-10 employees - Product usage: less than 1 year · weekly - Reviewed: February 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered Overall I found Kitcast to be one of the best and simplest digital signage platforms I’ve used, and the way content in playlists are set out makes it easy to manage. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 4/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros The customer service is amazing - the team responded quickly any time I had an issue or needed help with something. The interface is extremely easy to use compared to other software, which makes adding and training other users simple. #### Cons The software has a few ‘quirks’ that I found didn’t quite work the way I had expected it to - like the media expiration feature not removing media that is active in a playlist - however, I quickly found a solution after reaching out to customer support. --- ### Displaying Content in my bar made easy!!! - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Keyur J. - Industry: Restaurants - Company size: 2-10 employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · daily - Reviewed: August 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered I've had it since before the next gen, and find it very easy to load various media types, very useful! #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 1/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros I love the ability to remotely publish content like YouTube videos, slideshows, static images to our restaurant. #### Cons The biggest pain is I am unable to view dashboard on mobile safari or chrome browsers, so that means if I don't have my laptop on the go I cannot make any changes. --- ### Great Product! - Overall rating: 4/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Education Management - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · weekly - Reviewed: June 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered I am pleased with Kitcast. It has allowed me to elevate our presentations and provide a professional and dynamic feel to our school. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 4/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros It is very easy to use and intuitive. I especially appreciate the templates and helpful tools they use to help you create your vision for a slide, picture, or presentation. I also appreciate that it is compatible with all the "normal" things so I am not limited to only JPEG's or PDF's. #### Cons It's not really a big deal but I think that the RH menu could be organized better. It's just a bunch of labels thrown together with no rhyme or reason. Categorize or alphabetize would be nice. --- ### A Great Tool in the Toolbox - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Religious Institutions - Company size: 2-10 employees - Product usage: 3-5 years · weekly - Reviewed: August 2026 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered Kitcast is a wonderful way to keep our members aware of and updated on events and programs and reinforces messaging they might see in other places and in print. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros Ease of use is our top pro. The program is user friendly and fairly intuitive with little to no training. It allows for quick updates and additions to information being displayed. #### Cons No cut and paste option that I can find that allows for copying of text from another application. That's really the only con I can think of...any other minor issues we've experienced are most likely user error --- ### A great product that is costly - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Verified reviewer: Yes - Industry: Banking - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: less than 1 year · daily - Reviewed: November 2018 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by us to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. I have enjoyed using the product and would recommend them to any SMB looking for an easy-to-use and visually impressive digital signage product. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 4/5 - Value for money: 2/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros Ease of use, quick to deploy. You'll have digital signage on your AppleTV running in less than five minutes. #### Cons The cost. The high cost per device can quickly add up. --- ### Practical signage content management - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Research - Company size: 10000+ employees - Product usage: less than 1 year · daily - Reviewed: August 2022 - Review source details: This review was submitted organically. No incentive was offered #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 5/5 #### Pros Kitcast reduces the effort needed for signage content management to quite low levels with its practical features. #### Cons Kitcast should definitely have a better pricing plan especially for yearly subscriptions. --- ### Good but has some bugs - Overall rating: 4/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Religious Institutions - Company size: 11-50 employees - Product usage: less than 1 year · weekly - Reviewed: April 2019 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by us to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. Overall this is a cost effective way to quickly deploy and advertising solution to TVs in professional offices, churches, schools etc. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 3/5 - Value for money: 5/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros The software makes distribution to TVs easy with the Apple TV app. As long as you have wifi this makes the multi-tv broadcast solution really affective. The online system allows for images, videos, and some other features that make it pretty easy to use. #### Cons The app is sometimes buggy. We've had a few issues where the app doesn't load or it loads up media in a strange way. The ability to share media between tvs (while also having different ad line ups) is problematic. --- ### Great Product - Overall rating: 4/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Verified reviewer: Yes - Industry: Education Management - Company size: 201-500 employees - Product usage: less than 1 year · daily - Reviewed: November 2018 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by us to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. We have now used Kitcast for 3 months and it has worked great for getting more information out to more students, staff and parents. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 4/5 - Value for money: 4/5 - Customer support: 4/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros Easy to use and set up. Likes the options available to create different templates and to duplicate them for other playlists. #### Cons I would love to be able to move out dated slides to another section. I do reuse slides but it could be months away. I don't like having lots of slides in my playlist that are paused, so I end up deleting them. So if I could move them or store them out of site that would be great! --- ### Best option for multi site TVs - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Religious Institutions - Company size: 51-200 employees - Product usage: 1-3 years · weekly - Reviewed: November 2018 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by us to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. Love using it. So happy I found it on the App Store. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 5/5 - Value for money: 3/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 4/5 #### Pros This absolutely the best option I could find for multiple locations and TVs. It’s easy to use and it updates fairly fast. #### Cons It lacks some options but over all a good choice. --- ### Great Value for the $ - Overall rating: 5/5 - Reviewer: Verified Reviewer - Industry: Medical Practice - Company size: 11-50 employees - Product usage: less than 1 year · daily - Reviewed: November 2018 - Review source details: This reviewer was invited by us to submit an honest review and offered a nominal incentive as a thank you. #### Ratings breakdown - Ease of use: 3/5 - Value for money: 4/5 - Customer support: 5/5 - Functionality: 3/5 #### Pros Love the professional look with minimal effort needed. #### Cons If you have more than 10 or more slides it gets a bit cumbersome to know which is which other than by name. The preview panel doesn't rotate through slides or images so without publishing you can't really see what it is going to look like. Also the create your own templates don't have many options, would be great to have more templates to chose from so users don't have to create from scratch. ---